International Organizations NATO and the UN in Iraq

International Organizations NATO and the UN in Iraq Introduction The international system is the interaction between units whereby various variables at the systemic level come together to influence the external behavior of a state. In this case, foreign policies are determined by the activities at the international level. In other words, the effectiveness of foreign policy depends on the interpretation of international system, states do not formulate policies based on their available resources or manpower but instead rely on the activities taking place at the international system.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Organizations: NATO and the UN in Iraq specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Harold Sprout and Margaret Sprout came up with ecological triad to explain foreign policy formulation techniques. In this case, the environmental factors are to be considered in coming up with a policy that would determine the relationship between a particular state and anoth er. The ecological triad captures the interaction between policy maker and the international system. The triad is composed of the actor-state, environment that surrounds the actor and the actor-environment relationship. In foreign policy, the actor is surrounded by the international system. The policy maker must behave within the complex environment that is, the international system. The environment is usually complex because there are various units such as religions, civilizations, economics and international organizations (Held 158). The environment can constrain the foreign policy maker, can provide opportunities for a certain behavior and can affect the willingness of decision makers to take advantage of those opportunities. The environment controls decision makers because it controls all limits that actors should do or not do. These entities are actually states and international organizations. The states are only controlled by the international system. In this paper, the involv ement of the international organizations that is, the NATO and the UN in Iraq is discussed. In the real sense, realists would argue that the organizations represent the interests and wishes of the developed states such as the US, France, Britain and Russia. On the other hand, the liberalists would argue that the international bodies exist to further the interests of the people of Iraq. Involvement of the International Actors NATO established itself in Iraq in 2004when the alliance was charged with the responsibility of assisting the people of Iraq to form an effective military that would counter the influence and the power of the Al-Qaida. Furthermore, the NATO alliance was supposed to offer training services to the Iraqi military in order to be counted as an international body that would operate in accordance to the international standards. On 31 December 2011, the alliance was requested to leave the country since it was perceived that its mission had been accomplished. Other actor s in the international system complained about the existence of NATO since it did not have any legal mandate to operate in the country. The NATO training mission was established after the UN Security Council resolution.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This was after the interim government of Iraq requested the UN to use the NATO to train its soldiers. It should be understood that the formation of the NATO –Iraq was not aimed at suppressing the insurgents, as though by many people. Its main role was to offer technical and military support to Iraqi combatants. In other words, its major role was based on training, offering modern equipments, advising and offering military aid to the forces of Iraq. The NATO alliance would also guide the Iraqi into becoming an international military force that would offer quality services to the people of Iraq. Since its for mation in Iraq, the alliance was effective since it managed to offer training services to 5000 Iraqi soldiers from 2004 to 2011. Apart from training the military personnel, it also trained over ten thousand police and other security staff in the country. The member states of NATO provided various training courses to the Iraqi military. It is argued that all the 28 members of NATO offered over two thousand courses. The courses were costly by the members of NATO went ahead to offer them to the people of Iraq. Apart from training services, it is true that the Iraqi military received over 115 million Euros in form of military aid through equipments and over 17.7 million Euros in form of trust fund donations. The activities of NATO can be interpreted differently, depending on the scholar’s viewpoint and orientation. According to liberal scholars and policy makers, the main aim of NATO was to facilitate a democratic process in the country. The security sector would be modernized si nce the knowledge possessed by the military generals could not allow leaders to exercise personal and autocratic forms of leaderships. In this regard, the Iraqi government had to establish a working relationship with the NATO forces to achieve the above objective. According to liberalists, there are usually many actors in the international system. In this sense, the international system is a community of both states and human beings. Therefore, the foreign policies of Iraq had to recognize the existence of all actors, including NATO and the UN. Liberalists would argue that actions of units in the international system must be based on morality and actors must observe international codes and morals. It was upon the realization that the Iraqi military was not observant to the international codes that the NATO set its foot to salvage the situation. The military in Iraq was accused of being partisan since it only favored one side that is, the government. Saddam Hussein used the military to unleash terror to the citizens and eliminate any form of political and cultural opposition. In this case, the international actors were not happy at all. When the environment gave chance, it was the good time for NATO to act. Through this argument, universal interests are usually valued in the international system. It was the interest of each actor for peace and tranquility to be achieved in Iraq. NATO forces were therefore formed to bring this peace. As Hoffman could argue, states have a duty beyond their borders.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Organizations: NATO and the UN in Iraq specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A state should always be concerned about the affairs that take place another state. It is the responsibility of the developed nations to ensure that human rights are to be respected and upheld at a higher esteem worldwide. The United Nations Security Council endorsed the formation of NA TO –Iraq since the lives and the militia groups led by Osama Bin Laden and Saddam Hussein did not respect THE rights of citizens. NATO forces would therefore restore normalcy and constancy in the trouble state. The US, France, Britain and Russia had to act beyond their borders since they respect the sanctity of life. Therefore, they had to facilitate training services and other forms of military aid such as provision of equipments and techniques. According to liberalism, the end does not justify the means because the means should be just and humane. In Iraq, the Hussein administration applied all forms of techniques to achieve state interests. The state interests included domination of the region and cutting links with the west (Gerd 45). This could be obtained by forming a military like administration whereby the rights of people are not respected. This was contrary to the interests and the will of the west, which would always emphasize on consultation and cooperation at the global level. The west would always argue that problems at the global level need global decisions. Iraq under Sadam Hussein could not think of any possibility of working with the west to end global problems such as terrorism, global economic crisis brought about by fluctuating oil prices and the issues related to the environment. Therefore, the NATO, after being endorsed by the UN, had to intervene to save the humanity. In case actions are to be taken in the international system, states should consult extensively in order to arrive at a win-win satiation. However, the Iraqi administration under Sadam Hussein wanted a play a zero-sum game where the west and the rest of the world would lose terrible. This was something that angered the west and the rest of the world. According to liberalists, the policy makers should always be prescriptive meaning that they have to reflect on the outcomes of the policies. The Sadam regime supported terrorism even though the outcomes of the policy wer e detrimental to the people of Iraq and the rest of the world. Iraq never appreciate the role of the international regimes such as the international law since impunity was encouraged at all quarters. The west appreciated the fact that world security could be achieved through cooperation. Therefore, activities such as nuclear disarmament and arms proliferation had to be curtailed at all costs, something that Iraq opposed always. There was no option but to facilitate military overhaul in Iraq.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This would be best performed by the NATO alliance. Iraqi leaders believed principles in the state were based on powers but not the norms but not the norms. In this case, actions could be based on unilateralism whereby the state decides to act without consulting anybody, not even the public, which should have the ultimate powers. Some of the policy makers are always inspired by the realism, which is a very strong theory in the study of foreign relations. According to these policy makers and observers, the involvement of the NATO and the UN in the affairs of Iraq could be interpreted differently. To this scholars, the unity of analysis in the international system is the state whereby the state is usually guided by its national interests. The international system in this case exists according to the Hobbestain state of nature. In other words, the international system dictates what should be done. The NATO and the UN took advantage of the current nature of the system to invade Iraq and impose policies. For instance, the developed nations took advantage of the confusion in Iraq to change the military ideology. This would only benefit them since the military would be sympathetic and appreciative to the activities of the west in the world. Consequently, the US and the west benefited a lot since Iraq had to pay in form of oil. Indeed, the US benefited so much since a lot of oil was transported from Iraq to the US. In case states intervene in a foreign state, the interest is usually to obtain something. This is true to some extent because the US has never bothered to marshal the NATO forces to intervene in Somalia, even after the claims that the Alshabbab insurgent group is associated with the world’s most feared terrorism group, the Al-Qaeda. The US intervened in Iraq and Afghanistan because of the availability of the natural resources. This means that the US was only interested in natural resources but not bringing back sanity. Concerning the existence of NATO and the UN, they only exist as long as the powerful states would permit. The international organizations do not serve the interests of the poor states. For instance, the US invaded Iraq even after the UN had advised against the invasion. This means that the US was only concerned about its national interests, which was security. After the 9/11 attack, the US resolved to come up with long terms policies that would ensure that its citizens coexist in peace worldwide. Due to this, the hotspots in the world were focused, which led to the sponsoring of military training in the Middle East. Therefore, the NATO and the UN involvement in Iraq were not in the interest of the people of Iraq but for the interest of the American people. Currently, the peace witnessed in Iraq is conducive for American investors since they can operate without the fear of losing their stocks. It is very rare for the US to fund projects that do not benefit its population. For instance, the US cannot help in disarmi ng an enemy, which does not pose any security threat to its citizens. For a long time, the US has focused on destabilizing the Middle East because if given chance, the Middle East states can pose a serious challenge to the existence of the US and other developed nations from the west, mainly because of oil. The US allowed the formation of NATO-Iraqi alliance only to strengthen its presence and power in the Middle East, but not to better the living standards of the Iraqis. This shows that military alliance between the NATO and Iraq was out of fear and suspicion that characterizes the international system. In the international system, life is brutal, short-lived and nasty whereby states engage in a zero-sum game always. States value their sovereignty so much to an extent of neglecting ethics (Koehn and Rosenau 107). UN Failures On the flipside, the body has had a number of failures in its quest to uphold world peace and security. The UN was unable to bring order into Somalia through U NOSOM (United Nations Mission to Somalia), consequently leading to its withdrawal in 1995. This was also the case in1994 during the Rwandan genocide whereby the United Nations Mission Rwanda (UNAMIR) was unable to stop the genocide due to lack of men and weapons. In Bosnia Herzegovina, the UNPROFORC (United Nations Protection Force) was unable to stop the massacre of Serbians. Perhaps one of the most notable incidents on the inability of the UN to promote peace and security in the world was the 2003 invasion of Iraq by the coalition of the willing led by the USA. This went against a UN resolution 1441 of 8 November 2002. The resolution called for new inspections to ascertain whether Iraq had weapons of mass destruction. The US on its part ignored this resolution and instead invaded Iraq on 19 March 2003. Peace and security remains a major challenge to global governance. In many instances, the UN has been indecisive or unable to act to promote peace and security. This has led to a si tuation where matters on peace and security are championed by a handful of nations under the guise of collective security. In most cases, these countries will be pursuing their own interests. This has consequently led to issues such as terrorism arising. Terrorism has come about because of radicalism by Islamic fundamentalist who feel that the US led war on terror targets Islam as a whole. This in effect has led to violence and the loss of many lives as Islamist fundamentalists under the auspices of the global terror network Al Qaeda and other terror groups wage war on the US on various fronts. The September 11 bombing of the World Trade Center in the US was a hallmark of terrorist operations. This in turn led to the US invading Afghanistan with the aim of smoking out Osama bin Laden, the suspected mastermind of the bombings. This war on terror has also been played out in the Middle East pitting Israel, an American ally, against various Palestinian groups such as Hamas (Porter 185). In general, the UN and NATO have not been able to function independently since they only serve the interests of the powerful states. The UN for instance has been accused on several occasions for siding with the superpower. Gerd, Nonneman. EU-GCC Relations: Dynamics, Patterns Perspectives, London: Routledge, 2005. Print. Held, David. Reframing Global Gorvernance:Apocalypse Soon or Reform! New Political Economy 11. 2 (2006): 158-176. Print. Koehn, Peter and James Rosenau. Transanational Competence in an Emergent Epoch. International Studies Perpectives 3.2 (2002): 105-127. Print. Porter, Tony. â€Å"Why International Institutions Matter in the Global Credit Crisis†. Global Governance 15.2 (2009): 185-203. Print.

The Future of Job Search Strategies Findings of Career Jam 2017

The Future of Job Search Strategies Findings of Career Jam 2017 Good news! The Findings of 2017 Career Jam: Where Experts Forecast the New the Next, has been released by the Career Thought Leaders Consortium! This report summarizes the findings of brainstorming sessions about the future of job search strategies, which were held on December 1, 2017 in the United States, Canada, Spain, France, Austria, and the United Kingdom. Want to listen to a webinar about it? Go to this video about the future of job search strategies. Career Jam participants discussed topics with significant ramifications for job seekers: â€Å"best practices, innovations, trends, new programs, new processes, and other observations that are currently impacting, and are projected to impact, global employment, job search, and career management.† The sections that most interest me in the report are â€Å"Career Marketing Messages Documents† and â€Å"Social Media Profiles†¦Ã¢â‚¬  which include resumes, cover letters, and LinkedIn profiles, as well as other career marketing communications. I also wanted to highlight a couple of items for the future of job search strategy. Here are some of the findings and advice to keep in mind as you conduct your job search now or in the future: Career Marketing Messages Documents: Current Trends Resumes are not dead! While the use of LinkedIn profiles in the hiring process is on the rise in both the U.S. and Europe, most hiring managers still require a resume at some point in the hiring process, and your resume WILL make an impression. Use graphics. The use of graphic resumes is becoming more and more common – but make sure your graphics serve a specific purpose and communicate your value. Don’t get too creative. Infographic resumes are NOT hot. Supplemental materials in infographic form are welcome, however. ATS systems are becoming more advanced. Writers must satisfy both machines and humans with proper format and keywords. Make sure you’re on top of the latest capabilities and capacities of ATS systems. You might be surprised what they can and can’t understand. Job hopper? You’ll have a stigma to overcome if you’re a participant in the gig economy. The great cover letter debate: They are still important! When they are read, they can make the difference between candidates. Keep ‘em short and focused on a targeted, unique value proposition. Be careful about posting your resume to online job boards. Don’t put anything confidential on there! The public can gain access. Focus your career documents on what you can do for the employer. As I like to say, your resume is not about your past. It’s about your future. Track your success stories. Don’t wait until resume writing time to gather your successes. Keep a running list at all times! Career Marketing Messages Documents: What to Expect The use of multimedia will continue to increase. New tools will emerge. But the underlying message will remain, communicating your value. Cover letters will rebound. Lengthier cover letters might start to replace the resume. These letters would be highly researched and targeted to the company, for both contract workers and those applying to full-time positions. Social Media Profiles, Video Bios, Web Portfolios and Other Multimedia Tools: Current Trends Many of these recommendations can be found in my book, How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile. It’s good to see people are listening and also confirming what works! LinkedIn profiles are becoming more multi-media with the addition of video. Use LinkedIns media features to attract more and longer profile views. Slideshows, infographics, and videos are all game. Your social media profile content must be aligned with your resume. This doesn’t mean they must be exactly alike. But as more recruiters are sourcing and screening candidates’ social media profiles during the hiring process, make sure you provide good resume-like content on LinkedIn. There is a trend toward shorter LinkedIn sections. You don’t necessarily have to use all the characters available. But if you have enough good stuff to say, why not? LinkedIn profiles are less job-search focused. Professionals are using LinkedIn for general branding purposes, not just for job search. Use storytelling concepts in your LinkedIn profile. LinkedIn profiles are not a dry narrative of your resume. Instead, consider who your audience is and who YOU are, and brand yourself with a story that stands out. Don’t appear unemployed or desperate on LinkedIn! ‘Nuf said. Professionals are getting savvier in their online search optimization. Make sure you are savvy with your keywords and keyword placement too! Personal websites have not become integrated into the hiring process for most recruiters, but they are useful for long-term branding. Social Media Profiles, Video Bios, Web Portfolios and Other Multimedia Tools: What’s Next With more video interviewing, candidate-driven video resumes are not welcome. Companies will specify any video content they want and when. People are concerned about sharing of profiles with Microsoft integration. I’m not as concerned. I don’t think that many people will even use this fancy feature  (Microsoft Resume Assistant), and no one can steal your content if you write it as your unique self with accomplishments no one else can claim. The Future of Job Search Strategy Job search is now quality over quantity. In the future of job search, focus is on relationship building with recruiters and companies. Cultivate your chances of getting a job that’s a great fit instead of applying to hundreds where your chances are slim. Networking is king, especially with the burgeoning of employee referral programs. More individuals (millennials) are negotiating salary and benefits during the interview process. Indeed.com is the preferred job board to use, if you’re using job boards. What? Snail mail? YES – mailing hard copies will get you attention from hiring managers. Do it! More and more individuals are in constant job search mode. This means every professional should have a resume and LinkedIn profile that make them shine and that they are proud of! References are more important than ever. So cultivate your relationships with potential references always. States and organizations are prohibiting hiring managers from asking about previous salary. Get coaching if you’re concerned you might be asked this question – and understand the company’s compensation structure and philosophy before entering into salary negotiations. Also see my articles Salary Negotiation for Women Part 1  and Part 2. It’s important to stay on top of the latest in job search documents and strategies. The Executive Expert and The Essay Expert are here to keep you informed, and to create the best possible career documents for your success. Read more about the New and the Next in Networking, Traditional Online Job Search Strategies; How Employees are Screened, Interviewed, and Hired; The Changing Face of Jobs, The Diverse, Multigenerational Workforce Globalization; and other important career resources and topics at Findings of 2017 Career Jam: Where Experts Forecast the New the Next. Or listen to the webinar here.

Business Ethics and social responsibility Essay

Business Ethics and social responsibility - Essay Example Since these are costly ethical activities that seem irrelevant to the business goal of maximizing owner value, many businesses choose to bluff and engage in some amount of deception and mask these little sins by justifying them with ethical theories that say such acts are ethical under the circumstances. This report examines these theories and perspectives on business ethics to determine if businesses can be forgiven for unethical behavior and, if so, at what point should one draw the demarcation line. Business ethics has been the focus of passionate debates since the time of Plato and Socrates. The possible reason for the diverging views is that people always have different concepts and perceptions of what is good or bad, and what is right and wrong. Aronson (2001) believes the study of business ethics can help provide the standards for determining what behavior is good and bad or what is right and wrong. The literature on business ethics suggests ways to discuss the many different perspectives or theories by grouping them according to their similarities. The most frequently used perspectives fall under two groups of theory called deontology and teleology. Deontology is also described as formalism while teleology is utilitarianism, which means that the former is non-consequentialist while the latter is consequentialist (Christensen, 2005). In ethics, formalism is defined as a concept that views an act as right or wrong irrespective of the consequences, while utilitarianism holds that right conduct is determined by its usefulness in promoting the most good for the largest number of persons and thus keeps an eye on the consequences of the act. From these definitions, one can start forming an idea of which of deontology and teleology is the better ethical approach to business. 2.a. Teleology & Deontology Teleology and deontology essentially uphold the same behavior that businesses should observe, which is business ethics. They differ only in their perspectives, means and desired results. Teleological theories focus on the "what" whereas the deontological view looks at the "how" of ethical behavior (Christensen, 2005). This means that in teleology, the outcome is more important than the intent, which is the reverse in deontology. Accordingly, teleology and deontology are traditionally seen as opposing viewpoints, with the former looking into the future to determine the best outcomes for everyone while the latter looking back in history to establish ethical guideposts from traditional culture and religion (Brady, 1985). Teleology is defined as the theory in which the only right-making properties are those that promote the good (Gaus, 2001). As for deontology, it is the perspective of doing what is morally right, regardless of the amount of good or evil that results from the act (Christ ensen,2005). Thus, teleology promotes what is good, while deontology promotes what is right (Gaus, 2001). For teleology, the more important thing is the outcome and less the behavior. It is the other way around for deontology. 2.b. Deontology at Work Deontology is derived from the Greek words deon (duty) and logos

Construction Economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Construction Economics - Assignment Example The economic policy of a government is generally reflected in its national budget (Jenkins 1978). Partly, it is through the budget that the government exercises its three principal methods of establishing control: the stabilization function, the allocative function and the distributive function. In some cases, economic policies are usually influenced by international institutions such as the World Bank or International Monetary Fund as well as policies of political parties and their beliefs. The business environment within which most housing and construction companies operate has continued to change rapidly throughout the world. Construction companies that fail to adapt or respond to these changes have problems in their survival. Therefore, contractors must be capable of improving their performances continuously in order to out smart their competitors. In nature, the construction company is complex because it consists of a large number of parties as contractors, stakeholders, clients, consultants and regulators. However, despite its complexity, it plays a great role in the achievement and development of the goals of a society. Economic growth refers to the rise of per capita gross domestic product (GDP) or other measures of total income. It is usually represented in annual basis as the rate of change in real GDP. The economic growth of a country depends on the ability of that country to improve its productivity, that is, its ability to produce more goods and services using similar inputs of labor, materials, energy and capital. According to most economists, there are two types of economic growths: the long-term economic growth and short-term economic stabilization. However, economic growth is usually concerned with the long-term type. The short-term type is rather deemed as the business cycle. The leading indicator of the state of economy in a given country is the housing and

University-industry research relationships Essay Example for Free

University-industry research relationships Essay The growth of university-industry research relationships in biotechnology has raised questions concerning their effects, both positive and negative, on universities. A survey of over 1200 faculty members at 40 major universities in the United States reveals that biotechnology researchers with industrial support publish at higher rates, patent more frequently, participate in more administrative and professional activities and earn more than colleagues without such support. At the same time, faculty with industry funds are much more likely than other biotechnology faculty to report that their research has resulted in trade secrets and that commercial considerations have influenced their choice of research projects. Although the data do not establish a causal connection between industrial support and these faculty behaviors, our findings strongly suggest that university-industry research relationships have both benefits and risks for academic institutions. The challenge for universities is to find ways to manage these relationships that will preserve the benefits while minimizing the risks. Industrial support of university research in biotechnology A 1984 study of biotechnology companies reveals that nearly one-half of all such firms fund research in universities. Industry may support as much as one-quarter of all biotechnology research in institutions of higher education. These investments seem to be yielding substantial benefits to involved firms. Per dollar invested, university research is generating more patent applications than is other company research. Research relationships do pose some risks to traditional university values such as openness of communication among scholars. These risks may be greater in relationships involving small firms. The data also reveal that government is now, and seems likely to remain, the principal source of support for university research in biotechnology.

A Womans Place by Naomi Wolf :: Feminism

The True Woman "A Woman’s Place", the name of the commencement speech given by Naomi Wolf at the Scripps College graduation in 1992; contrasts the independent and the dependent woman. In today’s society, there are two different types of women: the woman who has a good head on her shoulders and knows where she is going in the world, and the woman who seeks dependence within the masculine world. Just as they were thirty years ago, women are still not considered to be equal to men. They are more or less looked at as being second to men. Naomi Wolf is a Jewish feminist writer who supports the independent woman. She was a Rhodes Scholar at Oxford University and graduated from Yale in 1984. Since then, Wolf has written two books that she is very well known for. She wrote her first book, titled The Beauty Myth, when she was twenty-nine years old. This book talks about women and how they feel beauty is one of the most important factors that will get you anything or anywhere. Her second book Fire With Fire was written in 1993. This book is about women taking control and not being victimized. Wolf is said to be a headstrong feminist that really believes in women’s power. In her commencement speech she mentions four factors of knowledge that she believes are mandatory for women to remedy. Her idea of a true or good woman is a strong woman who knows what she wants from life, is out to succeed, and will survive. An untrue or bad woman is a lady that is weak, that has a tendency to get run over, and has no real ambition for what she wants to do with her life. Wolf says that in order to become a headstrong, successful woman, one needs to redefine becoming a woman. Women have many different ways to clarify becoming women. According to Wolf, men have it a lot easier; however, most people in society would not agree with this. Boys have just as hard of a time becoming a man as a girl does becoming a woman. One might believe that Wolf is trying to say a women needs to redefine herself in order to have a place to start, so she can figure out what she wants to be and where she wants to go.

Culture and social effects of globalization Essay

Some say globalization is creating an intelligent community while others say they are losing their identity. What culture and social effects has the Czech nation experienced as a result of globalization? Globalization isn’t a factor of new age. Big boom of that started at the end of WWII. This let say economic interconnection among states or countries has main effect like prevention from new world war. Globalization has huge impact or influence on all countries around whole world. I know numerous of them however I’m describe or highlight in my essay some of them which, in my point of view, they are evident in the Czech Republic. First of all, I would like to stress new diet. Globalization has brought to Czech citizen new style and kind of restaurants and fast foods. Furthermore globalization has changed people’s way of life. Nowadays men and women are hardworking and they have no time to cook and take care of their health. Secondly, I think that other thing which was brought by globalization is new culture. This impact is more visible mainly on television. More than ninety percent of all movies and serials are American. I can’t say that all of them are wrong and different in our area nevertheless we can find some really brainless. Due to my knowledge I state that this approach is visible mainly in private TV channels. On the other hand I can highlight also pleasant or engaging issue. Mainly new tradition or new celebrations like St.Valentine, Halloween or St.Patrick’s day. These holidays have become naturalized in the Czech Republic since communist’s regime was overthrown. While a few Czechs are fighting against domestication of foreign customs their fight is hopeless. Similar like Don Quijote de la Mancha and his fight with windmills. At the end I would like to say globalization has not influenced only the Czech society. We can recognize it everywhere. In my essay I tried to highlight some of them which are visible for regular citizens. To sum up I can say that globalization has brought nothing wrong to Czech society. All aspects which I stressed in my essay are more pleasant and serious impact on global world is totally different.

New Mind in Data Mining

Content mining has turned into an energizing examination field as it tries to find profitable data from unstructured writings. The unstructured writings which contain huge measure of data can't just be utilized for additionally preparing by PCs. Thusly, correct preparing strategies, calculations and methods are fundamental keeping in mind the end goal to separate this profitable data which is finished by utilizing content mining. In this paper, we have talked about general thought of content mining and correlation of its procedures. What's more, we quickly talk about various content mining applications which are utilized directly and in future. Index Terms Retrieval, Extraction, Categorization, Clustering, Summa- rization.INTRODUCTIONContent mining has turned out to be imperative research region. Countless put away in better places in unstructured structure. Around 80% of the world's information is in unstructured content [1]. This unstructured content can't be effortlessly utilized by PC for all the more preparing. So there is a requirement for some procedure that is valuable to remove some valuable data from unstructured content. These data are then put away in content database design which contains organized and couple of unstructured fields. Content can be sited in sends, visits, SMS, daily paper articles, diaries, item audits, and association records [2]. Relatively every one of the organizations, government divisions.Text Mining StepsGather data from unstructured information. Change over this data got into organized information Identify the example from organized information Analyze the example Extract the profitable data and store in the database.Information RetrievalThe most well known information retrieval (IR) systems are Google search engines which recognize those documents on the World Wide Web that are associated to a set of given words. It is measured as an extension to document retrieval where the documents that are returned are processed to extract the useful information crucial for the user [3]. Thus document retrieval is followed by a text summarization stage that focuses on the query posed by the user, or an information extraction stage. IR in the broader sense deals with the whole range of information processing, from information retrieval to knowledge retrieval [8]. It is a relatively old research area where first attempts for automatic indexing where made in 1975. It gained increased attention with the grow of the World Wide Web and the need for classy search engines.Information ExtractionThe objective of data extraction (IE) techniques is the extraction of helpful data from content. It recognizes the extraction of elements, occasions and connections from semi-organized or unstructured content. Most valuable data, for example, name of the individual, area and association are extricated without legitimate comprehension of the content [4]. IE is worried about extraction of semantic data from the text.IE can be portrayed as the development of an organized picture of chose important piece data drawn from writings. 4. Clustering Grouping is a standout amongst the most fascinating and vital subjects in content mining. Its point is to discover inborn structures in data, and organize them into noteworthy subgroups for additionally study and examination. It is an unsupervised procedure through which objects are ordered into bunches called groups. The issue is to gather the given unlabeled accumulation into significant bunches with no earlier data. Any names related with objects are acquired exclusively from the information. For instance, archive grouping aids recovery by making joins between related records, which thus enables related reports to be recovered once one of the archives has been regarded pertinent to a question [8]. Grouping is helpful in numerous application regions, for example, science, information mining, design acknowledgment, record recovery, picture division, design order, security, business insight and Web seek. Bunch examination can be utilized as an independent content mining device to accomplish information conveyance, or as a pre-preparing venture for other content mining calculations working on the identified groups.Internet SecurityThe utilization of content mining device in security field has turned into a critical issue. A considerable measure of content mining programming bundles is showcased for security applications, especially observing and examination of online plain content sources, for example, Internet news, sites, mail and so on for security purposes 7. It is additionally associated with the investigation of content encryption/unscrambling. Government offices are putting significant assets in the reconnaissance of a wide range of correspondence, for example, email, online talks. Email is utilized as a part of numerous true blue exercises, for example, messages and reports trade.6. ConclusionContent mining for the most part alludes to the way toward separating profitable data from unstructured content. In this overview of content mining, a few content mining strategies and its applications in different fields have been talked about. A correlation of vary ent content mining has been indicated which can be additionally upgraded. Content mining calculations will give us valuable and organized information which can decreases time and cost. Shrouded data in interpersonal organization locales, bioinformatics and web security and so on are distinguished utilizing content mining is a noteworthy test in these fields. The progression of web innovations has lead toa colossal enthusiasm for the order of content records containing joins or other data.7.ReferencesR. Agrawal and R. Srikant. Rapid calculations for mining affiliation ideas. In proceedings of the twentieth global convention on Very tremendous Databases (VLDB-94), pages 487– 499, Santiago, Chile, Sept. 1994.R. Baeza-Yates and B. Ribeiro-Neto. Current information Retrieval. ACM Press, the big apple,1999.S. Basu, R. J. Mooney, ok. V. Pasupuleti, and J. Ghosh. Assessing the oddity of content mined ideas utilising lexical expertise. In court cases of the Seventh ACM SIGKDD worldwide assembly on advantage Discovery and data Mining (KDD-2001), pages 233– 239, San Francisco, CA, 2001.M. W. Berry, editorial supervisor. Approaches of the 0.33 SIAM global confere nce on knowledge Mining(SDM-2003) Workshop on text Mining, San Francisco, CA, may 2003.M. E. Califf, editorial manager. Papers from the Sixteenth countrywide conference on synthetic Intelligence (AAAI-99) Workshop on laptop learning for knowledge Extraction, Orlando, FL, 1999. AAAI Press.M. E. Califf and R. J. Mooney. Social studying of illustration coordinate standards for knowledge

Netflix Case Study 5 Essay Example

Netflix Case Study 5 Essay Example Netflix Case Study 5 Essay Netflix Case Study 5 Essay Netflix is a subscription based video rental company and has become the frontrunner in the video rental industry since it was founded in 1997 and the launching their online segment in 1999. The industry as a whole has only a few competitors with a handful dominating the market (Netflix, Red Box, Cable TV Video on Demand and Pay-Per-View). By 2010 Netflix had evolved into the world’s largest subscription service for DVD rentals by mail and streaming both movies and TV episodes over the internet; its subscription base had grown to 15 million. By the second quarter of 2010 revenues totaled 519. 8 million which represents a 27 percent year-over-year growth from the second quarter of 2009. Further analysis showed the company’s net income had increased by 94. 2 million from 2004 to 2009 which represents an annual growth rate of almost 40 percent. Netflix profits were soaring at a time when the â€Å"more traditional† video industry was struggling and suffering severe losses. How was it that Netflix was experiencing record breaking profits and growth when competitors like Blockbuster were crashing? In its infancy Netflix developed a competitive advantage by being one of the first in the video rental industry to realize that technology was changing, the world was changing and with that the wants and needs of the people were changing. To address these changes they created a convenient, low cost, flat rate product that allowed people to rent an unlimited amount of movies from the comfort of their own home. With competitors quickly following suit Netflix had to foster innovative ways to preserve and expand their subscription base and to maintain their competitive advantage. It was always the goal of Netflix founder and CEO, Mike Hastings to outcompete the competition with a later goal to become the world’s best internet movie service; that said it is discernible that he had a strategy to sustain their competitive advantage. Aside from the low cost flat rate subscription plan the Netflix strategy is to provide an excellent customer experience/value. Netflix leverages this experience/value by providing a comprehensive library of videos with convenient and easy to use software selection; Netflix later utilizes these to further strengthen their competitive advantage by building on them. Netflix is cognizant of the fact that if a customer perceives the selection to be poor or too small they may opt to try the competition or leave the market entirely. In an added effort to provide a good experience/value and retain their customers Netflix attempts to predict what types of videos their customers prefer to watch. They do this by referring to the massive amount of customer data that is generated by their library and software, and orders that are placed. Each time a customer places an order the information is stored, complied and compared to other customer’s accounts that viewed the same or similar movies; recommendations for future viewings are then made based on the comparisons. This facilitates customer retention, by showing they have a large selection of videos that is to the customer’s liking at a low cost (great experience at a low cost = great value). Their strategy goes well beyond the retention of current customers Netflix has an aggressive marketing and advertising program in place using the internet, radio, direct mail, and third party promotions to acquire new customers. Strategies include, but are not limited to free trials and placing ads in locations when internet searches are done on the competition. The Netflix strategy has been both successful and lucrative; they have distinctively positioned themselves by providing subscription services that other providers do not, they have a vast library, many video/movie agreements, large data base for recommendations and software, which would be costly for a competitor or new entrant to duplicate. Netflix still sees the mail order DVD market as feasible for the near future, but realizes that advances in technology will drive industry change and will eventually drive down the demand for this segment of the company. One recommendation that I would make is for Netflix to continue the strategy for transitioning from the mail order segment to the internet/video on demand segment. They should still continue the mail segment for markets that don’t rely on the internet, but should focus on other ways to make the experience/value better than the competition to help offset shrinking advantage of the mail delivery method. This could be accomplished by, offering video game rentals, health or educational options or lowering subscription costs. Another option or recommendation to lowering subscriptions and retaining customers would be to offer incentives for customers that sign up for longer terms. Signing up for three to six months at time would deter the number of cancellations and still not burden customers with a long term contract of one/plus years. The last recommendation would be to continue developing relationships with technology leaders such as Microsoft, Sony, and Apple (as well as others). It is a technology driven market and they need to be certain they have agreements in place and are always current with new technology. As technology continues to advance toward video on demand and the desire for instant delivery so will the trials in the marketplace, and they will need to be ready. Overall the Netflix strategy has been incredibly successful, and I believe as long as they continue to give their customers a great experience/value, stay current with technology they will continue to be an industry leader.

About The Canadian Heritage Lighthouse Protection Act

About The Canadian Heritage Lighthouse Protection Act The Heritage Lighthouse Protection Act which was passed in 2008, and came into force on May 29, 2010, lets the Canadian government transfer the lighthouses to new owners who want to take advantage of a heritage designation or tourism potential. The act is a result of a private members bill from BC Conservative senator Pat Carney. The Department of Fisheries and Oceans says the lighthouses on the surplus lists are those determined by the Canadian Coast Guard to be ones that could be replaced with simpler structures whose operation and maintenance would be more cost-effective and also former lighthouses that are no longer part of Canada’s aids to the navigation system. None of the Canadian lighthouses that are currently staffed are on the list, although the Senate Standing Committee on Fisheries and Oceans is still reviewing staffed lighthouses. With the Heritage Lighthouse Protection Act, the Canadian federal government put nearly 1000 lighthouses on the government surplus list, but about 500 of these lighthouses are still active lighthouses, and another 500 or so are inactive lighthouses. Lighthouses on the lists include lighthouses as notable as the Peggys Cove Lighthouse in Nova Scotia and the Cape Spear Lighthouse near St. Johns Newfoundland. Obtaining a Heritage Designation Individuals, municipalities non-profit groups, and businesses can apply to Parks Canada to get a heritage designation for the lighthouse. The petitions must be signed by 25 Canadians, and a written commitment to acquire ownership and protect the lighthouse must be accepted by Fisheries and Oceans Canada before a heritage designation will be granted. Potential owners must also submit a business plan showing that the proposed use of the property will be economically viable over the long term and that they have the capacity to manage the property. If surplus lighthouses havent been spoken for after two years they will be returned to the holdings of the Department of Fisheries and Oceans and the Coast Guard. Maintaining Aids to Navigation for Surplus Lighthouses Some of the lighthouses on the surplus lists contain aids to navigation, which must be kept operational. For those lighthouses, purchasers have to agree to give Fisheries and Oceans Canada access to the property to allow the department to maintain and operate the aids to navigation.

Nuclear Power - Micro Economics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nuclear Power - Micro Economics - Research Paper Example The cost of the Fukushima accident is estimated in August 2014 to be $ 105 billion, twice the estimates made in 2011. The costs may go up further by the time the plant is finally decommissioned and radioactive material safely disposed of. This cost will be borne by the Japanese people through taxes and utility bills (RT.com, August 2014). The Fukushima accident investigation showed no fault by the plant operators or faults in design or construction. The plant was simply unable to withstand tsunami forces. This is unlike the Three Mile Island accident in the US in 1979 where some valves in the reactor cooling system malfunctioned and the Chernobyl accident in Ukraine in 1986 which was attributed to flaws in reactor design and mistakes by plant operators. Following the Fukushima accident, the German government decided to shut down all its nuclear reactors that generate 23% of the country’s power. This decision will make the acceptance of nuclear power plants very difficult in other parts of the world. Meltdowns and accidents that cause a radioactive release over a wide area. The nuclear power industry has argued that the newer designs of reactors are safer than earlier designs, but no one can be certain of safety in an event such as an earthquake or a tornado. Nuclear power plants built over 40 years ago are still in service and cannot be easily upgraded. Problems of human error cannot be completely eliminated. Nuclear waste. Spent fuel rods are stored in water pools for cooling. There is risk of leakage of contaminated water from the storage pools into underground aquifers or surface streams. After cooling, the spent fuel rods are transported to a permanent long term storage site such as the Yucca Mountain in Nevada. There is the risk of an accident during transport which causes radioactive release. These issues relate to public safety and cannot be

Finding a Solution to the Israeli Palestinian Conflict Research Paper

Finding a Solution to the Israeli Palestinian Conflict - Research Paper Example Finding a Solution to the Israeli Palestinian Conflict The Two State Solution (TSS) focuses on the creation of two states, giving rise to a new Palestinian recognized state alongside a Jewish state, while a one state solution is aimed at calling for the reunification of Palestine into a single state, creating a common nationality for both Jews and Palestinians in what could end the current Jewish state. The continued growth of Israel settlements in West Bank, confiscation of the Palestine land in Gaza, building of security barriers, development of Jewish housing estates in East Jerusalem, and proliferation of checkpoints in Gaza and West Bank have currently led a number of Palestinians to conclude that a two state solution may no longer be possible. This has led many Palestinians particularly from the diaspora (not from the West Bank) to advocate for a one state solution, considering the difficulties of Jews leaving the expanding settlements in Gaza. There are growing concerns among the Jews particularly in Gaza and West Bank on the possibility of a two state solution that would force them to live their settlements and return to Israel to pave way for a Palestinian state. However, the opposition to a one-state solution that would place the Jews together with the Palestinians would involve the probability of abolishing a Jewish state and merging both entities to create single state for both the Jews and Palestinians. This would mean abandoning the dream of the Zionism project that aims at establishing a Jewish majority state, implying that a one state solution would have a unanimous opposition from both the Palestinians and the Jews. ... The continued growth of Israel settlements in West Bank, confiscation of the Palestine land in Gaza, building of security barriers, development of Jewish housing estates in East Jerusalem, and proliferation of checkpoints in Gaza and West Bank have currently led a number of Palestinians to conclude that a two state solution may no longer be possible (Kelman, 2011). This has led many Palestinians particularly from the diaspora (not from the West Bank) to advocate for a one state solution, considering the difficulties of Jews leaving the expanding settlements in Gaza. There are growing concerns among the Jews particularly in Gaza and West Bank on the possibility of a two state solution that would force them to live their settlements and return to Israel to pave way for a Palestinian state (Kelman, 2011). However, the opposition to a one-state solution that would place the Jews together with the Palestinians would involve the probability of abolishing a Jewish state and merging both ent ities to create single state for both the Jews and Palestinians. This would mean abandoning the dream of the Zionism project that aims at establishing a Jewish majority state, implying that a one state solution would have a unanimous opposition from both the Palestinians and the Jews. Therefore, the possibility of having a one state solution becomes slim; the likelihood of a two state solution becomes more viable. In fact, the Israel Prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu publicly declared the necessity of a two state solution in his Bar-Ilan speech made on 14th June, 2009 (Kelman, 2011). Therefore, the only viable and possible solution to the Israel-